![]() Further, the major forms of ambidexterity – temporal (time-based, Tushman and O’Reilly, 1996), structural (separation of units, overseen by senior management, Jansen et al., 2008 Lubatkin et al., 2006 O’Reilly and Tushman, 2004) and contextual (behaviour-based, Gibson and Birkinshaw, 2004) – are primarily understood at the organisational level. Indeed debate is ongoing regarding its enablers. It is accepted that ambidextrous learning is beneficial but there is a lack of consensus about what this actually means ( Cao et al., 2009 Gupta et al., 2006 Raisch et al., 2009). This is consistent with March (1991) and Benner and Tushman (2003). For the purposes of this article, we take ambidexterity to mean the ability to refine existing domain knowledge (exploitation) and create new knowledge to overcome knowledge deficiencies or absences identified within the execution of the work (exploration). The term refers variously to adaptability and alignment ( Gibson and Birkinshaw, 2004), controllability and responsiveness ( Graetz and Smith, 2005), innovation and efficiency ( Sarkees and Hulland, 2009) and incremental and revolutionary change ( Tushman and O’Reilly, 1996). ![]() Although the generic meaning of ambidexterity is the ability to pursue two different paths simultaneously, there is no consistent definition ( Cao et al., 2009 Gupta et al., 2006). The use of the word ambidexterity in scholarly debate has risen rapidly ( Raisch et al., 2009) in multiple areas of research, including strategic management, innovation and technology management, organisational learning, and organisational behaviour ( Simsek, 2009). We reveal the co-existence and mutual interdependence of multiple intellectual capital and process elements, further explaining the ‘how’ of this increasingly important area of study. A case study of a project management office in an IT/IS multinational provides the context in which to qualitatively unpack the underpinning intellectual capital architecture, illustrating the interwoven application of human, social and organisational capital in a complicated organisational setting. In this article, we use the lens of intellectual capital to extend current architectural theory. While much is written on the ‘what’ of ambidexterity – its enactment has been shown to be beneficial – there is a gap in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, architectures and dynamics by which organisations can achieve both exploration and exploitation. ![]() There is little in the literature detailing ambidexterity in more complex forms of organising. ![]() Research on ambidexterity has been focused primarily at the organisational level. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALS ![]()
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